RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that probiotics may decrease infant mortality and nosocomial infections because of their ability to suppress colonization and translocation of bacterial pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract. We designed a large double-blinded placebo-controlled trial using Lactobacillus reuteri to test this hypothesis in preterm infants. METHODS: Eligible infants were randomly assigned during the first 48 hours of life to either daily probiotic administration or placebo. Infants in the intervention group were administered enterally 5 drops of a probiotic preparation containing 10(8) colony-forming units of L reuteri DSM 17938 until death or discharge from the NICU. RESULTS: A total of 750 infants ≤ 2000 g were enrolled. The frequency of the primary outcome, death, or nosocomial infection, was similar in the probiotic and placebo groups (relative risk 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.63-1.19; P = .376). There was a trend toward a lower rate of nosocomial pneumonia in the probiotic group (2.4% vs 5.0%; P = .06) and a nonsignificant 40% decrease in necrotizing enterocolitis (2.4% vs 4.0%; P = .23). Episodes of feeding intolerance and duration of hospitalization were lower in infants ≤ 1500 g (9.6% vs 16.8% [P = .04]; 32.5 days vs 37 days [P = .03]). CONCLUSIONS: Although L reuteri did not appear to decrease the rate of the composite outcome, the trends suggest a protective role consistent with what has been observed in the literature. Feeding intolerance and duration of hospitalization were decreased in premature infants ≤ 1500 g.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Doenças do Prematuro/prevenção & controle , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
En este trabajo de investigación se propagaron, bajo condiciones in vitro, propágulos de Marchantia polymorpha evaluando su desarrollo vegetativo mediante observaciones y registros semanales a cada cultivo por tratamiento en función del tiempo de desarrollo. En este contexto, se evaluó cualitativamente la forma y las características del talo, las cuales se valoraron mediante observaciones y registros semanales. Se analizaron los resultados cuantitativos mediante un análisis de varianza con diseño al azar y arreglo factorial 4 x 2, mediante la prueba estadística de Fisher. Las condiciones apropiadas de cultivo para propágulos de M. polymorpha se establecieron en una concentración de 25% de sales minerales Murashige y Skoog (1962), incubados a una temperatura de 25 ± 1 ºC. Luego de 13 semanas de desarrollo bajo condiciones in vitro, se adaptaron a condiciones naturales mediante un cambio de sustrato, y controlando la temperatura y humedad en el lugar de desarrollo. En esta etapa se evaluó la sobrevivencia de plantas durante 10 semanas; posteriormente al cambio de condiciones, y como característica cualitativa, se tuvo en cuenta el vigor del talo. Este protocolo de propagación de M. polymorpha, pionero en Colombia, es un modelo que permite conservar y cultivar de manera masiva diferentes especies de briófitos, especialmente aquellos que se encuentran en vías de extinción en nuestro país.
Marchantia polymorpha propagules were propagated in this research in in vitro conditions to assess their growth in terms of development time. Development rate and contamination regarding each treatment were also evaluated by weekly observations and crop records for each experimental unit per treatment. Talus shape and characteristics were also qualitatively evaluated by weekly observations and records. Fishers statistical test was used for analysing quantitative results by variance analysis with random design and 4 x 2 factorial arrangement. Appropriate conditions for cultivating M. polymorpha propagules were established at 25% Murashige and Skoog mineral salt concentration (1962), incubated at 25ºC ± 1ºC. After 13 weeks development in in vitro conditions, they were adapted to natural conditions by changing development site substrate and controlling temperature and humidity. Plant survival was evaluated for 10 weeks during this stage. Conditions were then changed and (as qualitative characteristic) talus vigour was taken into account. In was also determined that the ex vitro cultivation level should allow for gradual adjustment to new humidity, temperature and substrate conditions, taking special care that these conditions were not so altered as to become insurmountable. This pioneering M. polymorpha propagation protocol in Colombia is a model for the future maintenance and mass development of different bryophyte species, especially those which are endangered in our country.
Assuntos
Produção Agrícola , Meios de Cultura/análise , Meios de Cultura/classificação , Meios de Cultura/efeitos adversos , Meios de Cultura/química , Cultura de VírusRESUMO
El bloqueo auriculoventricular completo adquirido no quirúrgico es una rareza en cardiología pediátrica. Sus causas principales son infecciones e intoxicación por drogas. El manejo incluye, casi siempre, la colocación de un marcapso transitorio. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 7 años con bloqueo auriculoventricular completo transitorio de probable etiología viral a quien se pudo retirar el marcapaso transitorio a las 72 horas
